Exodus
Exodus recounts the liberation of the Israelites from Egyptian slavery under Moses' leadership. It features the dramatic plagues, the parting of the Red Sea, and the revelation of the Ten Commandments at Mount Sinai. The narrative underscores themes of faith, obedience, and God's covenant with His people. It highlights the transformative journey from oppression to freedom, emphasizing reliance on divine guidance and the importance of laws in shaping a just and holy community.
Moses
Around 1400-1200 BC
Exodus
Estimated time of writing
Around 1400-1200 BC
Chapters
The Birth and Early Life of Moses, His Flight to Midian, and God's Continued Care for Israel.
1.
And there went a man of the house of Levi, and took to wife a daughter of Levi.
2.
And the woman conceived, and bore a son: and when she saw him that he was a goodly child, she hid him three months.
3.
And when she could not longer hide him, she took for him an ark of bulrushes, and daubed it with slime and with pitch, and put the child therein; and she laid it in the flags by the river’s brink.
Moses Encounters God in the Burning Bush and Receives His Divine Mission
1.
Now Moses kept the flock of Jethro his father in law, the priest of Midian: and he led the flock to the backside of the desert, and came to the mountain of God, even to Horeb.
2.
And the angel of the LORD appeared to him in a flame of fire out of the middle of a bush: and he looked, and, behold, the bush burned with fire, and the bush was not consumed.
3.
And Moses said, I will now turn aside, and see this great sight, why the bush is not burnt.
Moses Receives Signs and Aaron as His Spokesman to Lead the Israelites Out of Egypt.
1.
And Moses answered and said, But, behold, they will not believe me, nor listen to my voice: for they will say, The LORD has not appeared to you.
2.
And the LORD said to him, What is that in your hand? And he said, A rod.
3.
And he said, Cast it on the ground. And he cast it on the ground, and it became a serpent; and Moses fled from before it.
Moses and Aaron Confront Pharaoh, Leading to Increased Burdens for the Israelites
1.
And afterward Moses and Aaron went in, and told Pharaoh, Thus says the LORD God of Israel, Let my people go, that they may hold a feast to me in the wilderness.
2.
And Pharaoh said, Who is the LORD, that I should obey his voice to let Israel go? I know not the LORD, neither will I let Israel go.
3.
And they said, The God of the Hebrews has met with us: let us go, we pray you, three days’ journey into the desert, and sacrifice to the LORD our God; lest he fall on us with pestilence, or with the sword.
God Reassures Moses of His Covenant and Promises Deliverance for the Israelites.
1.
Then the LORD said to Moses, Now shall you see what I will do to Pharaoh: for with a strong hand shall he let them go, and with a strong hand shall he drive them out of his land.
2.
And God spoke to Moses, and said to him, I am the LORD:
3.
And I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, by the name of God Almighty, but by my name JEHOVAH was I not known to them.
Moses and Aaron Confront Pharaoh with Miraculous Signs
1.
And the LORD said to Moses, See, I have made you a god to Pharaoh: and Aaron your brother shall be your prophet.
2.
You shall speak all that I command you: and Aaron your brother shall speak to Pharaoh, that he send the children of Israel out of his land.
3.
And I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt.
The Plagues of Frogs, Gnats, and Flies Afflict Egypt.
1.
And the LORD spoke to Moses, Go to Pharaoh, and say to him, Thus says the LORD, Let my people go, that they may serve me.
2.
And if you refuse to let them go, behold, I will smite all your borders with frogs:
3.
And the river shall bring forth frogs abundantly, which shall go up and come into your house, and into your bedchamber, and on your bed, and into the house of your servants, and on your people, and into your ovens, and into your kneading troughs:
The Plagues of Livestock, Boils, and Hail Afflict Egypt.
1.
Then the LORD said to Moses, Go in to Pharaoh, and tell him, Thus says the LORD God of the Hebrews, Let my people go, that they may serve me.
2.
For if you refuse to let them go, and will hold them still,
3.
Behold, the hand of the LORD is on your cattle which is in the field, on the horses, on the asses, on the camels, on the oxen, and on the sheep: there shall be a very grievous murrain.
The Plague of Locusts and Darkness in Egypt.
1.
And the LORD said to Moses, Go in to Pharaoh: for I have hardened his heart, and the heart of his servants, that I might show these my signs before him:
2.
And that you may tell in the ears of your son, and of your son’s son, what things I have worked in Egypt, and my signs which I have done among them; that you may know how that I am the LORD.
3.
And Moses and Aaron came in to Pharaoh, and said to him, Thus says the LORD God of the Hebrews, How long will you refuse to humble yourself before me? let my people go, that they may serve me.
The Final Plague Foretold: Death of the Firstborn Announced to Pharaoh.
1.
And the LORD said to Moses, Yet will I bring one plague more on Pharaoh, and on Egypt; afterwards he will let you go hence: when he shall let you go, he shall surely thrust you out hence altogether.
2.
Speak now in the ears of the people, and let every man borrow of his neighbor, and every woman of her neighbor, jewels of silver and jewels of gold.
3.
And the LORD gave the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians. Moreover the man Moses was very great in the land of Egypt, in the sight of Pharaoh’s servants, and in the sight of the people.
The Passover and the Exodus of the Israelites from Egypt.
1.
And the LORD spoke to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt saying,
2.
This month shall be to you the beginning of months: it shall be the first month of the year to you. ¶
3.
Speak you to all the congregation of Israel, saying, In the tenth day of this month they shall take to them every man a lamb, according to the house of their fathers, a lamb for an house:
Consecration of the Firstborn and the Journey from Egypt to the Red Sea.
1.
And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
2.
Sanctify to me all the firstborn, whatever opens the womb among the children of Israel, both of man and of beast: it is mine. ¶
3.
And Moses said to the people, Remember this day, in which you came out from Egypt, out of the house of bondage; for by strength of hand the LORD brought you out from this place: there shall no leavened bread be eaten.
The Parting of the Red Sea and Israel's Deliverance from Egypt
1.
And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
2.
Speak to the children of Israel, that they turn and encamp before Pihahiroth, between Migdol and the sea, over against Baalzephon: before it shall you encamp by the sea.
3.
For Pharaoh will say of the children of Israel, They are entangled in the land, the wilderness has shut them in.
The Song of Moses and Miriam Celebrating God's Deliverance from Egypt.
1.
Then sang Moses and the children of Israel this song to the LORD, and spoke, saying, I will sing to the LORD, for he has triumphed gloriously: the horse and his rider has he thrown into the sea.
2.
The LORD is my strength and song, and he is become my salvation: he is my God, and I will prepare him an habitation; my father’s God, and I will exalt him.
3.
The LORD is a man of war: the LORD is his name.
God Provides Manna and Quail for the Israelites in the Wilderness
1.
And they took their journey from Elim, and all the congregation of the children of Israel came to the wilderness of Sin, which is between Elim and Sinai, on the fifteenth day of the second month after their departing out of the land of Egypt.
2.
And the whole congregation of the children of Israel murmured against Moses and Aaron in the wilderness:
3.
And the children of Israel said to them, Would to God we had died by the hand of the LORD in the land of Egypt, when we sat by the flesh pots, and when we did eat bread to the full; for you have brought us forth into this wilderness, to kill this whole assembly with hunger. ¶
Water from the Rock and the Battle Against the Amalekites.
1.
And all the congregation of the children of Israel journeyed from the wilderness of Sin, after their journeys, according to the commandment of the LORD, and pitched in Rephidim: and there was no water for the people to drink.
2.
Why the people did chide with Moses, and said, Give us water that we may drink. And Moses said to them, Why chide you with me? why do you tempt the LORD?
3.
And the people thirsted there for water; and the people murmured against Moses, and said, Why is this that you have brought us up out of Egypt, to kill us and our children and our cattle with thirst?
Jethro's Visit and Moses' Appointment of Judges
1.
When Jethro, the priest of Midian, Moses’ father in law, heard of all that God had done for Moses, and for Israel his people, and that the LORD had brought Israel out of Egypt;
2.
Then Jethro, Moses’ father in law, took Zipporah, Moses’ wife, after he had sent her back,
3.
And her two sons; of which the name of the one was Gershom; for he said, I have been an alien in a strange land:
Israel's Arrival at Mount Sinai and God's Covenant Proposal
1.
In the third month, when the children of Israel were gone forth out of the land of Egypt, the same day came they into the wilderness of Sinai.
2.
For they were departed from Rephidim, and were come to the desert of Sinai, and had pitched in the wilderness; and there Israel camped before the mount.
3.
And Moses went up to God, and the LORD called to him out of the mountain, saying, Thus shall you say to the house of Jacob, and tell the children of Israel;
The Ten Commandments Given to Moses on Mount Sinai.
Laws and Regulations for the Israelites Covering Servitude, Personal Injury, and Property Rights.
Laws on Restitution, Social Responsibility, and Justice
1.
If a man shall steal an ox, or a sheep, and kill it, or sell it; he shall restore five oxen for an ox, and four sheep for a sheep. ¶
2.
If a thief be found breaking up, and be smitten that he die, there shall no blood be shed for him.
3.
If the sun be risen on him, there shall be blood shed for him; for he should make full restitution; if he have nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft.
Laws of Justice, Mercy, and Festivals
The Covenant Confirmed and Moses Ascends Mount Sinai
1.
And he said to Moses, Come up to the LORD, you, and Aaron, Nadab, and Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel; and worship you afar off.
2.
And Moses alone shall come near the LORD: but they shall not come near; neither shall the people go up with him. ¶
3.
And Moses came and told the people all the words of the LORD, and all the judgments: and all the people answered with one voice, and said, All the words which the LORD has said will we do.
Instructions for the Tabernacle and Its Furnishings
Instructions for Building the Tabernacle and Its Furnishings
1.
Moreover you shall make the tabernacle with ten curtains of fine twined linen, and blue, and purple, and scarlet: with cherubim of cunning work shall you make them.
2.
The length of one curtain shall be eight and twenty cubits, and the breadth of one curtain four cubits: and every one of the curtains shall have one measure.
3.
The five curtains shall be coupled together one to another; and other five curtains shall be coupled one to another.
Instructions for Building the Altar and the Courtyard of the Tabernacle.
1.
And you shall make an altar of shittim wood, five cubits long, and five cubits broad; the altar shall be foursquare: and the height thereof shall be three cubits.
2.
And you shall make the horns of it on the four corners thereof: his horns shall be of the same: and you shall overlay it with brass.
3.
And you shall make his pans to receive his ashes, and his shovels, and his basins, and his meat hooks, and his fire pans: all the vessels thereof you shall make of brass.
Instructions for the Priestly Garments and Their Sacred Purpose
1.
And take you to you Aaron your brother, and his sons with him, from among the children of Israel, that he may minister to me in the priest’s office, even Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar, Aaron’s sons.
2.
And you shall make holy garments for Aaron your brother for glory and for beauty.
3.
And you shall speak to all that are wise hearted, whom I have filled with the spirit of wisdom, that they may make Aaron’s garments to consecrate him, that he may minister to me in the priest’s office.
Consecration of Aaron and His Sons as Priests.
1.
And this is the thing that you shall do to them to hallow them, to minister to me in the priest’s office: Take one young bullock, and two rams without blemish,
2.
And unleavened bread, and cakes unleavened tempered with oil, and wafers unleavened anointed with oil: of wheaten flour shall you make them.
3.
And you shall put them into one basket, and bring them in the basket, with the bullock and the two rams.
Instructions for the Altar of Incense, Atonement Money, the Bronze Basin, and Anointing Oil.
1.
And you shall make an altar to burn incense on: of shittim wood shall you make it.
2.
A cubit shall be the length thereof, and a cubit the breadth thereof; foursquare shall it be: and two cubits shall be the height thereof: the horns thereof shall be of the same.
3.
And you shall overlay it with pure gold, the top thereof, and the sides thereof round about, and the horns thereof; and you shall make to it a crown of gold round about.
Bezalel and Oholiab Are Appointed to Craft the Tabernacle and the Sabbath Is Reaffirmed.
The Golden Calf and Moses' Intercession for Israel
1.
And when the people saw that Moses delayed to come down out of the mount, the people gathered themselves together to Aaron, and said to him, Up, make us gods, which shall go before us; for as for this Moses, the man that brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we know not what is become of him.
2.
And Aaron said to them, Break off the golden earrings, which are in the ears of your wives, of your sons, and of your daughters, and bring them to me.
3.
And all the people broke off the golden earrings which were in their ears, and brought them to Aaron.
Moses Seeks God's Presence and Receives the Promise of Divine Guidance
1.
And the LORD said to Moses, Depart, and go up hence, you and the people which you have brought up out of the land of Egypt, to the land which I swore to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, saying, To your seed will I give it:
2.
And I will send an angel before you; and I will drive out the Canaanite, the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite:
3.
To a land flowing with milk and honey: for I will not go up in the middle of you; for you are a stiff necked people: lest I consume you in the way. ¶
The Renewal of the Covenant and the Radiance of Moses' Face
1.
And the LORD said to Moses, Hew you two tables of stone like to the first: and I will write on these tables the words that were in the first tables, which you brake.
2.
And be ready in the morning, and come up in the morning to mount Sinai, and present yourself there to me in the top of the mount.
3.
And no man shall come up with you, neither let any man be seen throughout all the mount; neither let the flocks nor herds feed before that mount. ¶
Moses Calls the Israelites to Contribute Materials and Skills for the Construction of the Tabernacle
1.
And Moses gathered all the congregation of the children of Israel together, and said to them, These are the words which the LORD has commanded, that you should do them.
2.
Six days shall work be done, but on the seventh day there shall be to you an holy day, a sabbath of rest to the LORD: whoever does work therein shall be put to death.
3.
You shall kindle no fire throughout your habitations on the sabbath day. ¶
The Construction and Furnishing of the Tabernacle Begins
1.
Then worked Bezaleel and Aholiab, and every wise hearted man, in whom the LORD put wisdom and understanding to know how to work all manner of work for the service of the sanctuary, according to all that the LORD had commanded.
2.
And Moses called Bezaleel and Aholiab, and every wise hearted man, in whose heart the LORD had put wisdom, even every one whose heart stirred him up to come to the work to do it:
3.
And they received of Moses all the offering, which the children of Israel had brought for the work of the service of the sanctuary, to make it with. And they brought yet to him free offerings every morning.
Crafting the Ark, Table, Lampstand, and Altar of Incense.
1.
And Bezaleel made the ark of shittim wood: two cubits and a half was the length of it, and a cubit and a half the breadth of it, and a cubit and a half the height of it:
2.
And he overlaid it with pure gold within and without, and made a crown of gold to it round about.
3.
And he cast for it four rings of gold, to be set by the four corners of it; even two rings on the one side of it, and two rings on the other side of it.
Construction and Completion of the Tabernacle and its Furnishings
1.
And he made the altar of burnt offering of shittim wood: five cubits was the length thereof, and five cubits the breadth thereof; it was foursquare; and three cubits the height thereof.
2.
And he made the horns thereof on the four corners of it; the horns thereof were of the same: and he overlaid it with brass.
3.
And he made all the vessels of the altar, the pots, and the shovels, and the basins, and the meat hooks, and the fire pans: all the vessels thereof made he of brass.
Completion of the Tabernacle and Priestly Garments
1.
And of the blue, and purple, and scarlet, they made cloths of service, to do service in the holy place, and made the holy garments for Aaron; as the LORD commanded Moses.
2.
And he made the ephod of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen.
3.
And they did beat the gold into thin plates, and cut it into wires, to work it in the blue, and in the purple, and in the scarlet, and in the fine linen, with cunning work.
The Tabernacle is Set Up and the Glory of the Lord Fills It.
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